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How can an image sensor similar to the one in your phone be optimized to take billions of pictures of particle collisions a second on a hunt for new physics? Which other types of silicon sensors exist for measuring a particle track not only precisely in space but also in time? How do you measure what is 'better' at the forefront of new sensor technology?
In several years time, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN will upgrade to the high-luminosity LHC where up to 50 times the number of collisions per second of today will enable searches for very rare processes, pushing requirements on detectors far beyond current limits. To identify particles and reconstruct coordinates of their originating collisions in hundreds of "overlapping" events, picosecond timing resolution will be required in addition to very good spatial resolution. At the same time, an ideal sensor needs to be able to withstand the enormous particle radiation damage and should not add much material in the particle track. Fast silicon pixel detectors are currently a very active field of research to enable excellent performance of the LHC experiments beyond the next years.
This talk will give a selective overview of fast silicon pixel timing detectors, with a focus on the R&D activities at Nikhef and the applications at the LHC.